碳羟基磷灰石除废水中铬(Ⅵ)吸附动力学和热力学研究

利用废弃蛋壳合成碳羟基磷灰石(CHAP)对含铬(Ⅵ)离子废水进行吸附实验研究,考查了溶液的pH值、吸附时间和温度对吸附平衡的影响,并探讨了吸附动力学和热力学行为.结果表明:常温下,吸附时间为30min、pH=3.0、5g/L CHAP对50mg/L的铬(Ⅵ)离子的吸附率达到98.3%以上,CHAP对铬(Ⅵ)离子的吸附机理符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程;准二级动力学模型比准一级动力学模型能更好地描述CHAP对含铬(Ⅵ)离子吸附动力学行为;不同温度下的吸附热力学的吉布斯自由能以及熵变和焓变显示该吸附过程为自发吸热反应.     

固定效应部分线性可加面板数据模型的惩罚二次推断估计

具有较强解释力和灵活性的部分线性可加面板数据模型在各学科领域应用广泛.针对个体内存在相关结构的固定效应部分线性可加面板数据模型,本文在结合幂样条函数和最小二乘虚拟变量(LSDV)法的基础上,利用惩罚二次推断函数(PQIF)法对模型进行估计,在一定的正则条件下,证明了参数估计的渐近正态性和非参数估计的收敛性,Monte Carlo数值模拟显示所述估计方法具有良好的有限样本表现,同时,我们还将估计技术应用于实际数据分析中.     

热重分析技术测定二苯并呋喃在活性炭上的吸附相平衡

以吸附动力学为基础,建立了热重分析技术测定难挥发性有机物吸附等温线的方法.通过热重分析实验测定了不同升温速率下二苯并呋喃从Norit RB1和Chemviton BPL活性炭上脱附速率曲线,及对应的脱附峰温度.运用所提出的方法,对二苯并呋喃在Norit RB1和ChemvironBPL活性炭上的Langmuir吸附等温线方程进行了估算.估算结果与静态吸附实验测定结果相比,误差不超过10%.     

吸附树脂和活性炭对气体中苯的吸附研究

采用了动态吸附实验方法研究了吸附树脂NDA-201和椰壳型活性炭C1对苯蒸汽的吸附行为.对吸附平衡数据采用Dubinill-Astakov方程进行了拟合分析,并根据吸附剂孔结构特征探讨了吸附机理.实验结果表明,两种吸附剂的苯吸附等温线存在交叉现象,对高浓度苯蒸汽吸附治理可采用NDA-201树脂,低浓度则采用椰壳型活性炭C1;Dubinin-Astakov方程能用来对两种吸附剂的等温线进行拟合,表明吸附剂的微孔区域对吸附起着重要作用.微孔体积计算值的比较和特征曲线叠合的程度说明了.Polanyi吸附势理论更适合于描述椰壳型活性炭C1对苯的吸附,这可能是由于椰壳型活性炭C1的孔分布集中于微孔区,而NDA-201树脂除了微孔外还有一定量的中孔和大孔.     

基于顺丁烯二酸和N,N螯合配体构筑的两个新型三维氢键型超分子体系: 结构、磁性质与理论化学研究

通过调变辅助配体,设计合成了两个新的Cu(II)化合物Cu(mal)(tap)(H2O)]n(1) 和 [Cu2(mal)2(bpym)2(H2O)2]·2H2O(2) (其中H2mal =顺丁烯二酸, tap=1,4,5,8-四氮杂菲,bpym=2,2′-联嘧啶),并用X-射线单晶衍射技术对其进行了结构表征。化合物1是一维弓背状配位聚合链通过氢键和π–π 堆积作用拓展形成的三维超分子体系;化合物2 展现一个具有六连接α-Po(46)拓扑的3D→3D二重穿插结构。此外根据晶体结构,利用Gaussian 03W中的DFT方法对化合物1和2进行几何构型优化,同时,用DFT-BS方法研究了两个化合物的磁性,结果表明计算结果与实验结果吻合,它们均具有弱的反铁磁相互作用。     

Fluorescence Labeling and Determination of Pepsin with CdSe Quantum Dots

Based on the solid phase/liquid deposition CdSe quantum dots (QD) were synthesized using selenium and cadmium‐salt as precursor at room temperature. The average diameter of CdSe QD estimated from the high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) graph and absorption spectra was ca. 3–3.5 nm. The mercaptoacetic‐acid stabilized CdSe QD exhibited ultraviolet absorption at 350 and 380 nm and strong fluorescence emission at 481.6 nm, respectively. When conjugated with pepsin, the fluorescence peak intensity of CdSe QD decreased considerably and the fluorescence peak shifted to 467.2 nm. Under optimal conditions, a concentration in 5–50 mg· L^?1 of pepsin could be determined on the basis of fluorescence decrease ratio of CdSe QD, with a detection limit 3δ of 0.36 mg·L^?1 (n=10). The proposed method was applied to detection of the concentration of pepsin in human gastric juice.     

High selective ethylbenzene obtainment through alkylation of dilute ethene with gas phase-liquid phase benzene and transalkylation feed

A novel industrial process was designed for the highly selective production of ethylbenzene. It comprised of a reactor vessel, vapor phase ethylene feed stream, benzene and transalkylation feed stream. Especially the product stream containing ethylbenzene was used to heat the reactor vessel, which consisted of an alkylation section, an upper heat exchange section, and a bottom heat exchange section. In such a novel reactor, vapor phase benzene and liquid phase benzene were coexisted due to the heat produced by isothermal reaction between the upper heat exchange section and the bottom heat exchange section. The process was demonstrated by the thermodynamic analysis and experimental results. In fact, during the 1010 hour-life-test of gas phase ethene with gas phase-liquid phase benzene alkylation reaction, the ethene conversion was above 95%, and the ethylbenzene selectivity was above 83% (only benzene feed) and even higher than 99% (benzene plus transalkylation feed). At the same time, the xylene content in the ethylbenzene was less than 100 ppm when the reaction was carried out under the reaction conditions of 140–185 °C of temperature, 1.6–2.1 MPa of pressure, 3.0–5.5 of benzene/ethylene mole ratio, 4–6 v% of transalkylation feed/(benzene+transalkylation feed), 0.19–0.27 h^?1 of ethene space velocity, and 1000 g of 3998 catalyst loaded. Thus, compared with the conventional ethylbenzene synthesis route, the transalkylation reactor could be omitted in this novel industrial process.     

Hydrogen production via autothermal reforming of ethanol over noble metal catalysts supported on oxides

Hydrogen was produced over noble metal (Ir, Ru, Rh, Pd) catalysts supported on various oxides, including γ-Al2O3, CeO2, ZrO2 and La2O3, via the autothermai reforming reaction of ethanol (ATRE) and oxidative reforming reaction of ethanol (OSRE). The conversion of ethanol and selectivites for hydrogen and byproducts such as methane, ethylene and acetaldehyde were studied. It was found that lanthana alone possessed considerable activity for the ATRE reaction, which could be used as a functional support for ATRE catalysts. It was demonstrated that Ir/La2O3 prevented the formation of methane, and Rh/La2O3 encumbered the production of ethylene and acetaldehyde. ATRE reaction was carried out over La2O3-supported catalysts (Ir/La2O3) with good stability on stream, high conversion, and excellent hydrogen selectivity approaching thermodynamic limit under autothermal condition. Typically, 3.4 H2 molecules can be extracted from a pair of ethanol and water molecules over Ir(5wt%)/La2O3. The results presented in this paper indicate that Ir/La2O3 can be used as a promising catalyst for hydrogen production via ATRE reaction from renewable ethanol.     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中的9种糖皮质激素

建立了化妆品中9种糖皮质激素的反相高效液相(RP-HPLC)测定方法.采用酸化甲醇振荡提取,HLB固相萃取小柱净化,HPLC分离测定.在定量范围内均呈良好的线性关系(r≥0.999);回收率为85.0%～99.5%,相对标准偏差小于5.8%,检出限(LOD) (S/N≥3)为1.0 ng,定量限(LOQ) (S/N≥10)为2.0 ng.该法可用于化妆品中泼尼松龙、氢化可的松、可的松、甲基强的松龙、地塞米松、氟米松、倍氯米松、曲安奈德和氟轻松的检测.     

直链淀粉手性固定相高效液相色谱法分离泮托拉唑钠对映体及应用

用手性固定相法拆分泮托拉唑钠对映体,并建立了检测泮托拉唑钠对映体光学纯度的HPLC方法.色谱柱为chiRALPAK AD-H柱(250×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为V(正已烷):V(异丙醇)=40:60,流速为0.5 mL/min,检测波长为288 nm.该法可用于左旋泮托拉唑钠原料药和制剂的质量控制.